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Tammukan, California
Tammukan is an alternate spelling of Tamcan, the name of a local tribe of Delta Yokuts-speaking natives in the U.S. that once lived on the lower reaches of California's San Joaquin River in what is now eastern Contra Costa County and western San Joaquin County, California. The Tamcans were absorbed into the system of the Spanish missions in California in the early nineteenth century; they moved to Mission San José, near the shore of San Francisco Bay, between 1806 and 1811. At the mission, they and their descendants intermarried with speakers of the San Francisco Bay Ohlone, Plains Miwok, and Patwin Indian languages. Mission Indian survivors of these mixed groups gathered at Alisal, near Pleasanton in Contra Costa County, in the late nineteenth century.
It has been stated that Tammukan was a specific place, a lost city even. It is not known how that idea came about. However, Father Narciso Duran did use specific place markers for "Tamcan" and other "rancherias ()" along the San Joaquin River on his 1824 map of the native communities east of Mission San Jose.〔Bennyhoff 1977:166〕
==Location==
The Tamcan territory along the Old River of the lower San Joaquin River was probably no more than 12 miles in circumference. The names and locations of their specific villages were never documented. Bennyhoff was the first anthropologist to infer their location. He concluded that their main village was on the west bank of the San Joaquin River, east of Tracy and west of Lathrop in current San Joaquin County.〔Bennyhoff 1977:134,166.〕 Milliken, using marriage pattern data from the Mission San Jose ecclesiastical records and clues from Father Duran's 1824 ''Plano Topográfico'' of communities east of Mission San Jose, concluded that the Tamcan lived north of the modern town of Tracy, in the vicinity of the modern town of Byron, and on Union Island just to its east.〔Milliken 1995:229,256〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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